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OSCOLA 4th edition Citation Generator
Generate references in OSCOLA 4th edition from a DOI or link in seconds. CitApp renders this style with citeproc, the same engine as Zotero and Mendeley, so every comma matches the spec. Free for students, no sign-up to try.
What an OSCOLA 4th edition reference looks like
OSCOLA 4th edition is a note style: each citation is a footnote or endnote holding the full reference, with a matching bibliography at the end.
Rendered live from the same engine CitApp uses in the app:
Journal article
Babonis LS and Martindale MQ, ‘A Novel Regulatory Gene Network in Cnidarians’ (2022) 119 PNAS e2113701119 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113701119>
Book
Kuhn TS, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (University of Chicago Press 1970)
Web page
IPCC, ‘Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis’ (9 August 2021) <https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/> accessed 15 July 2026
In-text citation
Leslie S Babonis and Mark Q Martindale, ‘A Novel Regulatory Gene Network in Cnidarians’ (2022) 119 PNAS e2113701119 <https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113701119>.
Journal article with 26 authors
Harris CR and others, ‘Array Programming with NumPy’ (2020) 585 Nature 357 <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2>
OSCOLA 4th edition at a glance
Read from the style file and checked against the examples above.
- Used mainly in law.
- For a paper with 26 authors, the reference list names only the first author and shortens the rest.
- First names are shortened to initials.
- DOIs are printed as links (https://doi.org/...).
- Web pages include the date you accessed them.
- The style file was last updated in February 2026.
The guide this style follows: law.ox.ac.uk
How OSCOLA 4th edition compares with OSCOLA 4th edition (no ibid.)
For every example on this page, OSCOLA 4th edition and OSCOLA 4th edition (no ibid.) give exactly the same text. They can still differ in cases the examples do not cover.
Open OSCOLA 4th edition (no ibid.)Frequently asked questions
How many authors does OSCOLA 4th edition list?
For a paper with 26 authors, the reference list names only the first author and shortens the rest.
How does OSCOLA 4th edition handle DOIs and web pages?
DOIs are printed as links (https://doi.org/...). Web pages include the date you accessed them.
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